ESTIMATION OF MATERIALS IN A BUILDING STRUCTURE
In this post we will see about the estimation of quantities of different materials required in the construction of building structure.
Generally this estimation of quantities is undertaken by quantity surveyor eventhough every civil engineer must be well aware of this simple estimation of building materials. Let us proceed by using simple examples and easy to understand terminologies and english.
Following materials are mainly used for the construction of building structure:
1. Cement
2.Fine aggregate
3.coarse aggregate
4.Water
5.Reinforcing Steel
This are the materials which are used in the construction of building structure which includes foundation, footing, beams, columns and slab.
however the total estimatimation i.e sum of foundation, footing , beams, columns and slab can not be obtained correctly since, the concrete grades will be differing in each of them.
Hence we take each part at once and calculate, later on the sum of them will provide us the same.
so firstly, we will calculate the quantities of materials required in slab, since it is one of the major part of buiding structure in material consuming.
Calculation of materials by the method of volumes is the best approch for estimation of materials as it is even simple in calculations.
Now by seeing the plan of house or building the area of the slab is taken and it also includes beams in the same slab. The thickness of slab is considered and the volume is determined by multiplying area and thickness.
So, here we have the volume of the slab in which materials are to be filled which is termed as 'Volume of dry Concrete'
till here it is clear, hopefully the remaining part will be as simple as above.
three materials should be determined first based on the representation of concrete grade.
i.e Cement:Fine aggregate:Coarse aggregate
Cement, Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate should be known first so that later we can find water and steel.
Here let us suppose:
Cement as A.
Fine aggregate as B . which will be generally sand.(stone powder can also be used)
Coarse aggregate as C which will be stone chips.
Hence
Cement=A
Fine aggregate=B and
Coarse aggregate=C
ESTIMATION OF CEMENT(A):
volume of cement is calculated by the formula.
Volume of Cement = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X A
here
volume of Dry concrete is known to us. i.e area of slab X thickness
A ,B,C are concrete grade i.e ratio's of cement,fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
by substituting the values we get the answer in a similar manner to this one,
volume of cement=______ CuM (which ever the units you are following)
quantity of cement is hence determined but trading and mixing done in weight in case of cement.
so take the density of cement i.e 1440 kg/Cum (approx) which may be variable in different cements.
We Known that volume multiplied by density gives us the weight. i.e Weight = Volume X density.
ESTIMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE (B) :
Volume of sand is also calculated by same formula. Actually in this formula there is only ratios of quantities. i.e A+B+C is total volume and B is volume of fine aggregate.
Volume of Fine aggregate = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X B
here we are finding only integral part of the dry concrete.
ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE (C) :
here we adopt the same.
Volume of Coarse aggregate = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X C
answer for all will be in Cum(cubic meters) since we are dealing with volumes.
ESTIMATION OF WATER CONTENT :
Good quality of concrete is obtained when water to cement ratio is 0.45.
i.e Water/Cement=0.45
volume of cement is obtained in cubic meters.
but we have in case of water 1 Cum = 1000 litre. (it will be changing for different fluids)
ESTIMATION OF STEEL :
In most of the cases 0.8% in volume to the total volume of slab will be Steel in the Slab.
this will be useful in in steel estimation.
Weight of rods per meter length for different diameters:
Diameter of Bar Weight of Bar per one meter
6 mm = 0.222 kg
8 mm = 0.395 kg
10 mm = 0.616 kg
12 mm = 0.888 kg
16 mm = 1.578 kg
This was all about the estimation of Quantities of material in slab. Simillarly footing, columns can be determined, in columns only details of one column is determined and is multiplied by number of columns. All other parts are relatively easier.
Hence we have completed the estimation of materials in Building Structure the same is used for calculation of dead load in a structure which also includes masonry work in it.
Some conversion and information which you may come across in above mentioned estimation.
volume of 1 meter cube water = 1000 litres
Volume of one bag of Cement = 0.0353 Cum = 35 litres = 0.035 cum
weight of one bag of Cement = 50 kg
required water for one bag of cement when water to cement ratio is 0.45 will be 15.9 litre.
Different Concrete Grades : (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate)
M5 =1: 4:8
M10 =1: 3:6
M15 = 1: 2: 4
M20 =1: 1.5: 3
M25 = 1: 1: 2
I hope you have learned new things from this article however many thing have been skipped as to make this post smaller for you people to focus on the mentioned things.
if there are any certain thing which you think are important in the post but I have skipped so please comment you views and share your knownledge with us.
In this post we will see about the estimation of quantities of different materials required in the construction of building structure.
Generally this estimation of quantities is undertaken by quantity surveyor eventhough every civil engineer must be well aware of this simple estimation of building materials. Let us proceed by using simple examples and easy to understand terminologies and english.
Following materials are mainly used for the construction of building structure:
1. Cement
2.Fine aggregate
3.coarse aggregate
4.Water
5.Reinforcing Steel
however the total estimatimation i.e sum of foundation, footing , beams, columns and slab can not be obtained correctly since, the concrete grades will be differing in each of them.
Hence we take each part at once and calculate, later on the sum of them will provide us the same.
so firstly, we will calculate the quantities of materials required in slab, since it is one of the major part of buiding structure in material consuming.
Calculation of materials by the method of volumes is the best approch for estimation of materials as it is even simple in calculations.
Now by seeing the plan of house or building the area of the slab is taken and it also includes beams in the same slab. The thickness of slab is considered and the volume is determined by multiplying area and thickness.
So, here we have the volume of the slab in which materials are to be filled which is termed as 'Volume of dry Concrete'
till here it is clear, hopefully the remaining part will be as simple as above.
three materials should be determined first based on the representation of concrete grade.
i.e Cement:Fine aggregate:Coarse aggregate
Cement, Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate should be known first so that later we can find water and steel.
Here let us suppose:
Cement as A.
Fine aggregate as B . which will be generally sand.(stone powder can also be used)
Coarse aggregate as C which will be stone chips.
Hence
Cement=A
Fine aggregate=B and
Coarse aggregate=C
ESTIMATION OF CEMENT(A):
volume of cement is calculated by the formula.
Volume of Cement = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X A
here
volume of Dry concrete is known to us. i.e area of slab X thickness
A ,B,C are concrete grade i.e ratio's of cement,fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
by substituting the values we get the answer in a similar manner to this one,
volume of cement=______ CuM (which ever the units you are following)
quantity of cement is hence determined but trading and mixing done in weight in case of cement.
so take the density of cement i.e 1440 kg/Cum (approx) which may be variable in different cements.
We Known that volume multiplied by density gives us the weight. i.e Weight = Volume X density.
ESTIMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE (B) :
Volume of sand is also calculated by same formula. Actually in this formula there is only ratios of quantities. i.e A+B+C is total volume and B is volume of fine aggregate.
Volume of Fine aggregate = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X B
here we are finding only integral part of the dry concrete.
ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE (C) :
here we adopt the same.
Volume of Coarse aggregate = (Volume of Dry Concrete/A+B+C) X C
answer for all will be in Cum(cubic meters) since we are dealing with volumes.
ESTIMATION OF WATER CONTENT :
Good quality of concrete is obtained when water to cement ratio is 0.45.
i.e Water/Cement=0.45
volume of cement is obtained in cubic meters.
but we have in case of water 1 Cum = 1000 litre. (it will be changing for different fluids)
ESTIMATION OF STEEL :
In most of the cases 0.8% in volume to the total volume of slab will be Steel in the Slab.
this will be useful in in steel estimation.
Weight of rods per meter length for different diameters:
Diameter of Bar Weight of Bar per one meter
6 mm = 0.222 kg
8 mm = 0.395 kg
10 mm = 0.616 kg
12 mm = 0.888 kg
16 mm = 1.578 kg
This was all about the estimation of Quantities of material in slab. Simillarly footing, columns can be determined, in columns only details of one column is determined and is multiplied by number of columns. All other parts are relatively easier.
Hence we have completed the estimation of materials in Building Structure the same is used for calculation of dead load in a structure which also includes masonry work in it.
Some conversion and information which you may come across in above mentioned estimation.
volume of 1 meter cube water = 1000 litres
Volume of one bag of Cement = 0.0353 Cum = 35 litres = 0.035 cum
weight of one bag of Cement = 50 kg
required water for one bag of cement when water to cement ratio is 0.45 will be 15.9 litre.
Different Concrete Grades : (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate)
M5 =1: 4:8
M10 =1: 3:6
M15 = 1: 2: 4
M20 =1: 1.5: 3
M25 = 1: 1: 2
I hope you have learned new things from this article however many thing have been skipped as to make this post smaller for you people to focus on the mentioned things.
if there are any certain thing which you think are important in the post but I have skipped so please comment you views and share your knownledge with us.
No comments:
Post a Comment